Senarai Codenames Produk/Projek Intel Corporation

Senarai nama produk atau projek Intel. Intel Development Center di Israel pula menamakan nama² tempat di tanah jajahan haram atau berkaitan.

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List of Intel codenames

Intel has historically named IC development projects after geographical names (since they can never be trademarked by someone else) of towns, rivers or mountains near the location of the Intel facility responsible for the IC. Many of these are in the American West, particularly in the state of Oregon (where most of Intel's CPU projects are designed; see well-known project codenames). As Intel's development activities have expanded, this nomenclature has expanded to Israel and India. Some older codenames refer to celestial bodies.
The following table lists known Intel codenames along with a brief explanation of their meaning and their likely namesake.

Codename	Description	Named after
Alderwood	a Pentium 4/D/XE chipset	probably named after a location in Snohomish County, Washington; see Alderwood.
Aliceton	the successor to Tigerton	unknown
Allendale	a version of the Intel Core 2 processor	Allendale is the name of several places in the USA; see Allendale.
Almador	a Pentium III-M chipset	probably named after Almador County, California
Alviso	a Pentium M chipset Mobile (915 Express series)	Alviso, a small neighborhood in San Jose, California, the closest San Jose neighborhood to Intel's Santa Clara headquarters.
Anchor Creek	Smithfield + Lakeport/Glenwood	Reference unknown
Aries	a 80486 chipset	probably Aries (constellation)
Aruba	Intel AR440BX chipset	Probably named after Aruba, an island of the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean Sea
Auburndale	a dual-core mobile processor in the Nehalem architecture Auburndale is the name of various places in the US. Referred here may be Auburndale, Massachusetts.
Balboa	a Pentium II chipset	possibly named after Balboa, a subsection of the city of Newport Beach, Orange County, California.
Banias	The first Pentium M processor	Banias, an ancient site in the Golan Heights
Banister	Intel 440MX Pentium Pro/II/III chipset	Reference unknown
Bearlake	Successor to the 965 series [1]	Bear Lake, a natural freshwater lake divided by the Utah-Idaho border in the Western United States.
Beckton/Becton (the correct spelling may be either Beckton or Becton)	Nehalem-based MP-capable processor	unknown
Bensley	Bensley platform = Demspey & Woodcrest / Clovertown + Blackford chipset	Reference uncertain. Bensley is a census-designated place in Chesterfield County, Virginia
Bigby	chipsets for the 45 nm quad and dual core processors codenamed Yorkfield and Wolfdale	Reference unknown
Blackford	a 5000X chipset	Blackford is the name of various places. Reference unknown.
Bloomfield	a processor based on the Nehalem microarchitecture	Bloomfield is the name of several places in the USA; see Bloomfield.
Boaz	a LAN controller, part of the Montevina platform	probably named after Boaz, a Biblical figure from the Old Testament. Alternatively, the place name Boaz, AL or Boaz, MO.
Boazman: see 'Boaz'
Bonetrail	a motherboard optimized for gaming, related to 'Skulltrail' [2]	may be named after Bonetrail, a township in Williams County, North Dakota
Boxboro	Second-generation PCIe bus	Probably named after Boxborough, a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Breeds Hill	i848P chipset	Probably named after Breed’s Hill, the actual site where the Battle of Bunker Hill took place during the American Revolution, located in the Charlestown section of Boston, Massachusetts
Bridge Creek	Presler + Broadwater	Bridge Creek is the name of various places in the US including Bridge Creek, Oklahoma and Bridge Creek, Wisconsin
Broadwater	a Core 2 Duo chipset	reference unknown; may be named after Broadwatera, a village in Morrill County, Nebraska.
Brookdale	a Celeron/Pentium 4 chipset	probably named after Brookdale, an unicorporated town in Santa Cruz County, California. For other meanings see Brookdale.
Bulverde	The PXA27x family of Xscale processors	Bulverde, a city in Comal County, Texas.
Calexico	Intel PRO/Wireless 2100 or later 2200 (IEEE 802.11b) mini-PCI WiFi adapter, part of the Carmel platform	Calexico, a city in Imperial County, California.
Calistoga	Intel Mobile 945 Express-series chipset, part of the Napa platform	Calistoga, a city in Napa County, California.
Camino	a Pentium II/III / Celeron chipset	Camino, California. A small town in El Dorado County, California. Apple Hill is located in Camino.
Caneland	Xeon MP platform which uses Tigerton Core 2 based CPUs. It has four dedicated point-to-point FSB connections to memory controller.	reference unknown
Canmore	an SoC for consumer electronics; successor to the CE2110 but based on the x86 instruction set rather than the ARM architecture [3]	possibly named after Canmore, Alberta
Canterwood	a Pentium 4 chipset	reference unknown
Cantiga	chipset part of Montevina	reference unknown
Carmel	first-generation Centrino platform as well as a Pentium II/III / Celeron chipset	Mount Carmel, a coastal mountain range in northern Israel
Cascades	Second version of the Pentium III Xeon	Cascade Range, a major mountain range of western North America, extending from southern British Columbia through Washington and Oregon to Northern California.
Caswell	a processor technology for WiFi, integrated in the ICH6W I/O controller hub	Reference unknown
Cedar Mill	the final revision of the Pentium 4	Cedar Mill, a census-designated place and an unincorporated community in Washington County, Oregon, west of the Willamette Stone.
Chevelon	Intel IOP342 I/O Processor	Probably named after a place in Arizona
Chivano	the first Itanium processor manufactured at 95 nm	Reference unknown
Clackamas	later codename for the Intel 64 project, originally codenamed Yamhill	Clackamas River, a river in Oregon
Clarksboro	Clarksboro]	Reference uncertain. Clarksboro is a historic area of Gloucester County, New Jersey
Clovertown	a Quad-core Xeon processor (A quad-core version of Woodcrest, consisting of two Woodcrest dies on a multi-chip module)	reference unknown
Colusa	a Xeon chipset	either named after Colusa, California or after Colusa County of which this city is the seat.
Conroe	the desktop variant of the Intel Core 2 processor	Conroe, Texas
Coppermine	the second-generation Pentium III processor	reference unknown; for various meanings see Coppermine.
Copperriver	chipsets based on Grantsdale/Alderwood models	The Copper River or Ahtna River is a river in south-central Alaska in the United States
Covington	first-generation Celeron processor	Covington is the name of many places in the US. Referred here is probably Covington, a city in King County, Washington.
Clarksfield	a quad-core mobile processor in the Nehalem architecture Clarksfield is a township in Huron County, Ohio, USA.
Cranberry lake	replacement of Bensley-VS	Cranberry Lake is a lake in the Adirondack Mountains and the Adirondack State Park in New York
Cranford	an MP version of the Nocona	reference unknown; for various meanings see Cranford.
Crestine	a chipset for Yonah; the successor to the Express 945GM and 945PM mobile chipsets	Reference unknown
Crestline	Intel Mobile 965 Express chipset	Several places in the USA are called Crestline. Probably Crestline, California is referred here, a place in the San Bernardino Mountains.
Dana Point	a wireless networking card for the Montevina platform supporting WiMAX	Dana Point, a city in southern Orange County, California
Danbury	a data protection engine for Eaglelake chipsets [4]	Danbury is the name of various places in the US. See Danbury
Deerfield	the fourth version of Itanium 2	Deerfield is the name of many places in the US.
Dempsey	the Dual-Core Xeon 5000-series	reference unknown; for various meanings see Demspey.
Deschutes	the second-generation Pentium II processor	Deschutes County, Oregon or, more likely, Deschutes River, which runs through it.
Dimona	the Dual Processor only version of Tukwila	Dimona is an Israeli city in the Negev desert
Dixon	mobile Pentium II PE ("Performance Enhanced")	Dixon is the name of many places in the US. Referred here may be Dixon, a city in Solano County, California.
Dothan	a Pentium M processor, successor to Banias	Dothan, an ancient town in Israel
Drake	The first Xeon processor, released in 1998 as the Pentium II Xeon	reference unknown
Dunnington	A 45 nm successor to Tigerton, which may be either a quad-core or an octa-core processor	reference unknown; Dunnington is a village in Yorkshire, UK but this is not a likely reference.
Eaglelake	Desktop chipset family; replacement of Bearlake	Eagle Lake is the name of many places in North America, including a town in Texas
East Fork	Intel digital home PC platform	East Fork is the name of several places in the US, including one in California (referring to the east fork of the Carson River).
Echo Peak	a wireless networking card for the Montevina platform supporting WiMAX and 802.11b/g/n	Echo Peak, a mountain in the Sierra Nevada mountain range to the west of Lake Tahoe on the border of the Desolation Wilderness in El Dorado County, California.
Emerald Bay	Intel EB440BX chipset	Emerald Bay is a bay on the west side of Lake Tahoe, in California
Fanwood	the fifth version of Itanium 2	Fanwood, a borough in the US state of New Jersey?
Foster	Initial variant of the 32-bit Xeon processor using the NetBurst architecture	Foster is the name of various places in the US. Referred here is probably Foster, Oregon.
Foxton	a power-management technology that was originally planned for inclusion in Montecito	Foxton is the name of various places in England and New Zealand. US location unknown.
Gainestown	a quad-core processor based on Intel's upcoming Nehalem microarchitecture	reference unknown
Gallatin	Pentium 4 Extreme Edition	Gallatin is the name of various places in the US. Reference unknown.
Gallaway	Presler/Cedarminll + Glenwood	Probably named after Gallaway, California
Garlow	replacement of the Wyloway single processor platform	Reference unknown
Gaston	Intel wireless ethernet technology	Gaston is a city in Washington County, Oregon, United States
Geneseo	the joint IBM/Intel extensions to PCI Express	Geneseo is the name of several places in the United States. It is not known whether it concerns an Intel or IBM codename.
Gesher	a 32 nm processor microarchitecture, the successor to Nehalem	Named after the Hebrew word for 'bridge'. Because Gesher is also the name of a political party in Israel, Intel later changed the name to Sandy Bridge. [5]
Gilgal	Gigabit Ethernet chip	Gilgal is a place name mentioned by the Hebrew Bible
Gilo	a processor based on the Nehalem microarchitecture	probably named after Mount Gilo, a mountain close to Jerusalem; see Har Gilo.
Glenwood	a Core 2 Duo chipset	Glenwood is the name of various places in the US. Referred here is probably Glenwood, Washington.
Glidewell	the workstation counterpart of the Bensley server platform	Reference unknown
Golan	Intel PRO/Wireless 3945ABG mini-PCIe WiFi adapter, part of the Napa platform	Golan Heights, a plateau on the border of Israel, Lebanon, Jordan and Syria
Granite Bay	a Pentium 4 chipset	Granite Bay, a census-designated place in Placer County, California.
Grantsdale	a Pentium 4/D/XE chipset	reference unknown; may be named after Grantsdale, Montana.
Greencreek	Intel 5000X chipset	Greencreek is the name of a town in Idaho County, Idaho. See List of places in Idaho/G
Harpertown	a 45 nm, quad-core processor	Harpertown, a place in Kern County, California.
Havendale	the desktop version of Auburndale	reference unknown
Hondo	the third version of Itanium 2	Hondo, the county seat of Medina County, Texas?
Irwindale	Second version of the 64-bit Xeon processor	Irwindale, a city in Los Angeles County, California.
Jayhawk	the Xeon counterpart of Tejas	reference unknown; for various meanings see Jayhawk
Juneau	Intel JN440BX chipset	Juneau is the capital of the U.S. state of Alaska
Katmai	the first Pentium III processor	Probably named after Mount Katmai, a volcano in the Katmai Park in Alaska, the site of a colossal 1912 eruption. Incidentally Katmai is also the codename of a Microsoft project: the next release of SQL Server.
Kedron	Intel PRO/Wireless 4965AGN IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n mini-PCIe WiFi adapter	probably named after Kidron Valley, a valley near Jerusalem. Also see Kedron.
Kenai	LAN chip	probably named after one of several placed in Alaska called Kenai
Kentsfield	the first quad-core version of the Core 2 processor	reference unknown
Keifer	a mini core [6]	reference unknown
Kevet	a mini core [6]	a place in Ventura County, California
Kikayon	a version of the Intel Core processor	Kikayon is the Hebrew name of a plant mentioned in the Biblical Book of Jonah
Kinneret	LAN chip	Yam Kinneret, Israel's largest freshwater lake
Klamath	the first-generation Pentium II processor	Klamath, is the name of a river that flows through Oregon and California and the name of adjacent counties in both of these states.
Kyrene	a chipset, member of the Brookdale family	Kyrene is a settlement situated in the state of Arizona [1]
LaGrande	Intel Trusted Execution Technology, a set of security features	Pierce County], Washington.
Lakeport	a Pentium 4/D/XE chipset	Lakeport is a name of various places in the US. Referred here may be Lakeport, California, the county seat of Lake County.
Langwell	the I/O part of the 'Moorestown' system-on-a-chip platform for UMPCs and internet tablets	reference unknown
Larrabee	a graphics core [7] , [6]	Larrabee, Iowa, a city in Cherokee County, Iowa, United States or Larrabee, Wisconsin, a town in Waupaca County, Wisconsin, United States. See Larrabee
Lincroft	an SoC that's part of the Moorestown platform for UMPCs and internet tablets	Lincroft is a part of Middletown Township, in Monmouth County, New Jersey
Lindenhurst	a Dual Xeon chipset	Lindenhurst is the name of several places in the US. Reference unknown.
Little River	Intel 945GU Express chipset	Little River is the name of many places in the US, including a town in Mendocino County, California and a river in Oregon
Lynnfield	a quad-core Nehalem processor, successor to Bloomfield	Lynnfield is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts.
Madison	the second version of Itanium 2	Madison is the name of many places in the USA. Reference unknown.
Marathon	Intel 2700G graphics accelerator	Reference uncertain
Matanzas	Mobile On Embedded Socket P Merom-based design; a version of Santa Rosa. "Santa Rosa for Embedded Market" document hints a prerelease version of was available to some as early as May 2006.	Reference unknown
McCaslin	Intel Ultra Mobile Platform 2007 [8], see also Intel A100	Reference unknown
McCreary	the third generation of vPro [4]	possibly named after McCreary County, Kentucky
McKinley	the first Itanium 2 processor	Mount McKinley or Denali in Alaska is the highest mountain peak in North America
Mendocino	second-generation (?) Celeron processor	Mendocino is a census-designated place in Mendocino County, California
Menlow	successor to the A100 series of processors for UMPCs and internet access devices	reference unknown
Merced	The first version of the Itanium processor	Merced River, California
Mercury	a Pentium chipset	planet Mercury
Merom	the first mobile version of the Core 2 processor	Merom Lacus, a lake in the Hulah Valley of Israel
Millington	Dual-core Itanium 2 processor	Reference uncertain. Millington is a town in Kent County and Queen Anne's County, Maryland but also the name of various other places. See Millington
Monahans	the successor to Bulverde	Monahans, a city in Texas; the county seat of Ward County.
Montara	a Pentium M chipset (855 series)	Montara, a census-designated place in San Mateo County, California
Montecito	a revision of the Intel Itanium 2 processor	Montecito, California
Montevina	successor to Santa Rosa i.e. fifth-generation Centrino platform	Montevina is a wine out of the Sierra Foothills, after the Italian word for mountain wine.
Montvale	an upgraded version of the Montecito Itanium 2	Montvale, New Jersey?
Moorestown	Successor to Menlow	Reference uncertain. Moorestown is a place located in Lawrence County, Indiana. Other places by the name of Moorestown exist as well. It may also be a play on the name of Gordon Moore, co-founder of Intel and author of Moore's law.
Morgan Hill	i865GV chipset	Morgan Hill is a city located in the southern part of Santa Clara County, California
Mount Prospect	Intel MP440BX chipset	Mount Prospect is a village in Cook County, Illinois
Mukilteo	a chipset for uniprocessor servers	Mukilteo is a city in Snohomish County, Washington
Napa	third-generation Centrino platform	Napa is the county seat of Napa County, California, home to the famous Napa Valley wine region.
Natoma	a Pentium Pro/Pentium II chipset	A census-designated place in Sacramento County, California. Lake Natoma is nearby.
Nehalem	a processor microarchitecture that is being developed by Intel and is the planned successor to Penryn	Nehalem, a city in Tillamook County, Oregon or rather Nehalem River
Neptune	a Pentium chipset	planet Neptune
Ninevah	An ethernet chip	Nineveh was an important city in ancient Assyria, referred to in the Book of Jonah
Nocona	Initial version of the 64-bit Xeon processor	Nocona, a city in Montague County, Texas
Northwood	the second-generation Pentium 4 processor	Northwood is the name of several places in the USA. See Northwood (disambiguation)
Odem	a Pentium M chipset (855 series)	Mount Odem in the Golan Heights
Orion	a Pentium Pro chipset	probably Orion (constellation) or Orion Nebula
Paxville	the first Dual-Core Xeon	Paxville, a town in Clarendon County, South Carolina
Penryn	The successor to the Conroe	Penryn, California, a town of about 2,000 and home to a granite quarry
Placer	a Xeon chipset	Placer County, California
Plumas	a Xeon chipset	Plumas County, California
Potomac	an MP version of the Nocona	the Potomac River, which flows through West Virginia, Maryland, Virginia, and Washington, DC, USA.
Poulsbo	a second-generation UMPC chipset [9]	Poulsbo, a waterfront city in Kitsap County, Washington, United States. Named after Paulsbo, Norway, a mistake on the application for establishing a post office resulted in the town being officially named Poulsbo in 1886.
Poulson	a future generation of Intel's Itanium 2 processor family, expected to come to market in 2009, after Tukwila	reference unknown
Prescott	a Pentium 4 processor, successor to Northwood	Prescott is the name of various places in the USA, including a city in Oregon.
Presler	Pentium 4-based dual core processor (65 nm part)	reference unknown
Prestonia	Second version of the 32-bit Xeon processor	Prestonia, a neighborhood five miles southeast of downtown Louisville, Kentucky?
Reidland	A family of Xeon processors and successor to the Truland platform	Possibly named after Reidland, a census-designated place in McCracken County, Kentucky
Richford	Richford platform = Tukwila/Poulson + Rose Hill chipset	Richford is the name of various places in the US, in the states of New York, Wisconson and Vermont. Reference unknown.
Robson	a NAND flash-memory caching technology	Possibly Mount Robson, the highest point in the Canadian Rockies. See Robson.
Rochester	Intel RC440BX chipset	Rochester is the name of many places in the US. Referred here may be Rochester, a census-designated place in Thurston County, Washington
Salt Creek	a platform based around Intel’s Core 2 Quad Q6600 processor and Core 2 Duo processors	Salt Creek is the name of various places in the US. Reference unknown
San Clemente	Chipset for LV and ULV dual core Xeons	San Clemente is a city in Orange County, California
Sandy Bridge	the processor formerly called Gesher	reference unknown
Santa Rosa	fourth-generation Centrino platform	Santa Rosa, California
Saturn	a 80486 chipset	planet Saturn
Seaburg	successor of the 5000p chipset	Seaburg is the name of a town in Idaho County, Idaho. See List of places in Idaho/S
Seattle	a Pentium II/III / Celeron chipset	Seattle, the largest city in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is located in King County, of which it is the county seat.
Shelton	a Celeron M processor	Shelton, a city in Mason County, Washington
Shiloh	a wireless module part of Montevina	Shiloh, a biblical village and eponymous stream in the Samaria hills region of the West Bank and present-day Israeli settlement of the same name. Also the name of various places in the US; see Shiloh.
Silverdale	Intel processor virtualization features	Silverdale is a census-designated place in Kitsap County, Washington
Silverthorne	a processor designed for UMPCs and the successor to Stealy.	possibly named after Silverthorne, Colorado.
SkullTrail	a dual CPU system set to rival the AMD Quad FX platform, aimed at gaming	the name is most likely related to 'Bonetrail', an associated Intel motherboard
Smithfield	the first version of the Pentium D processor	Smithfield is the name of various places in the USA.
Solano	a Pentium III/Celeron chipset	Solano County, California
Sonoma	second-generation Centrino platform	Sonoma is the name of a town, a county, a valley and a stream in Northern California.
Sossaman	the Dual-Core Xeon LV (Low Voltage)	reference unknown
Springdale	the 865 Pentium 4 chipset	Springdale is the name of several places in the USA.
Stealy	a single-core mobile chip [10]	possible named after Stealy, an unincorporated community in Oklahoma.
Stoakley	Stoakley platform = Harpertown + Seaburg chipset	Reference unknown. Stoakley is the name of a town in Ireland and in Maryland, USA.
Stoutland	a CPU with integrated memory controller	May be named after Stoutland, a village in Camden and Laclede County, Missouri
Sunrise Lake	Intel IOP348 I/O Processor	Reference uncertain. Sunrise Lake is a 257-acre water body located in Strafford County in eastern New Hampshire, in the town of Middleton
Tanglewood	a version of the Itanium processor, successor to Montvale	Tanglewood, an estate and music venue in Lenox and Stockbridge, Massachusetts or Tanglewood, a neighborhood in Houston, Texas. See Tanglewood (disambiguation).
Tanner	Initial version of the Pentium III Xeon	Tanner probably refers to Tanner, a place in King County, Washington.
Tehama	a Pentium 4 chipset	Mount Tehama, an ancient volcano in northern California.
Tejas	Intel's microprocessor which was to be a successor to the latest Pentium 4 with Prescott core	Tejas has several meanings; see Tejas.
Thurley	Thurley platform = Gainestown CPU + Tylersburg chipset	Reference unknown
Tigerton	A quad-core, MP-capable processor to be released in place of Whitefield	Tigerton, a village in Shawano County, Wisconsin?
Timna	Abanoned x86-based SoC project [11]	Timna, a city in southern Israel
Tolapai	x86-based system-on-a-chip [12]	possibly Tolapai Spring, Arizona
Tonga	Pentium II Mobile processor	Unknown; see Tonga (disambiguation)
Triton	a Pentium chipset	probably refers to Triton, a city in Washington, USA.
Truland	Truland platform = Paxville/Tulsa + E8501 chipset	Reference unknown
Tualatin	third-generation Pentium III processor; also name of derived fourth-generation Celeron processor, nicknamed ‘’Tualeron’’	Tualatin Valley or the Tualatin River in Oregon, where Intel has large manufacturing and design facilities
Tukwila	Tanglewood renamed, after the Tanglewood Music Center in Massachusetts demanded a switch	Tukwila, Washintgon
Tulloch	Intel i855	Tulloch is the name of a reservoir in Tuolumne County, California.
Tulsa	the 7100 series, an improved version of Paxville MP	Tulsa, the second-largest city in the U.S. state of Oklahoma and the county seat of Tulsa County.
Tumwater	a Dual Xeon chipset	Tumwater is a city in Thurston County, Washington next to the Deschutes River.
Twin Castle	Intel E8500 chipset	Reference unknown
Tylersburg	Chipset for the Gainestown CPU	May be named after a place in Pennsylvania
Val Vista	Intel IOC340 I/O Controller	Reference unknown
Vanderpool	an x86 Virtualization technology	Vanderpool, a small settlement in Bandera County, Texas.
Warm Springs	Intel WS440BX chipset	Warm Springs is the name of many places in the US. Referred here may be Warm Springs, an unincorporated community in the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, in Oregon
Westmere	the 32 nm shrink of Nehalem [13]	Possibly named after Westmere, a hamlet in Albany County, NY
Whitefield	a quad-core processor, partially based on Woodcrest, using the new Common System Interface (CSI) bus. This project was cancelled and replaced with the Tigerton processor on the Caneland platform. CSI technology won’t appear until the second-generation 45nm processor Nehalem.	Whitefield is the name of several places in the USA, India, and the United Kingdom; see Whitefield.
Whitney	a Pentium II/III / Celeron chipset	Whitney is the name of several places in the USA including Whitney, Oregon, Whitney, Texas and Mount Whitney, the highest peak in the continental United States.
Willamette	the first Pentium 4 processor	Willamette River or the Willamette Valley region of Oregon, where a large number of Intel manufacturing facilities are located
Windigo	WWAN Internet access via HSDPA cellular networks	Windigo?
Woodcrest	a dual-core Xeon DP	Woodcrest, a census-designated place in Riverside County, California
Wolfdale	45 nm desktop dual-core processor (based on 'Penryn', the 45 nm incarnation of the Core 2 Duo architecture) [14]	possibly Wolfdale, a census-designated place in Washington County, Pennsylvania
Wyloway	platform for single-processor workstations	Possibly named after Wyloway, a settlement in the state of Georgia in United States [2]
Yamhill	the Intel 64 CPU architecture	Yamhill is the name of several places and geographical features in Oregon; referred here is likely the Yamhill River in Oregon's Willamette Valley.
Yonah	Intel's Pentium M line, after Banias and Dothan, branded Intel Core	Yonah pigeon in Hebrew, developed at Intel Development Center Israel.
Yorkfield	the quad-core successor to the Kentsfield processor [14]	Reference unknown

Jarak Pagar alternatif petrol

Kalau dikomersialkan tentu aje dapat mengurangkan pergantungan petrol. Salah satu perbelanjaan tinggi dalam isi rumah. Kalau kapal terbang 'Zero' Jepun boleh guna, kena tidak sekarang. Mungkin syarikat-syarikat minyaklah yang tak bagi....

Jarak Pagar alternatif petrol

KOTA BHARU 5 Dis. – Biji pokok jarak pagar atau Jatropha Curcas Linn, yang pernah digunakan sebagai bahan bakar untuk pesawat Jepun pada zaman Perang Dunia Kedua, didapati berpotensi untuk dikomersialkan sebagai bahan biodiesel dan biopetrol yang lebih mesra alam.
Pokok jarak pagar, tumbuhan yang biasanya digunakan dalam perubatan tradisional bagi menjarakkan kekerapan kelahiran bayi, juga ditanam sebagai hiasan pagar rumah.
Penolong Pengarah Latihan Lembaga Tembakau Negara Farini Halim berkata, jarak pagar dibawa masuk ke Malaysia pada zaman pemerintahan Portugis pada 1511 dari kepulauan Caribbean dan pernah digunakan sebagai bahan bakar untuk kapal terbang semasa penaklukan Jepun di negara ini antara 1940 dan 1945.
“Walaupun penemuan kegunaannya sudah lama tetapi ia masih belum diperluaskan di negara kita, sedangkan bagi negara maju, mereka telah menggunakan biji jarak pagar yang telah diproses untuk dicampurkan dengan petrol sebanyak lima peratus,” katanya.
Farini berkata, berdasarkan penggunaannya itu yang boleh mengurangkan pengeluaran asap dan menurunkan kandungan karbon monoksida untuk kenderaan, maka LTN kini memperkenalkan tanaman itu di Rhu Tapai, Terengganu dan di Pasir Puteh, Kelantan.
Beliau berkata, pokok jarak pagar ditanam di sekeliling kawasan tanaman tembakau yang membentuk seperti pagar dan ianya menjadi tanaman integrasi kepada penanam-penanam tembakau.
Projek perintis tanaman itu dimulakan pada Oktober 2006. Sebanyak 3,000 pokok itu ditanam di Kampung Air serta 1,000 pokok lagi di Pusat Latihan Tembakau di daerah Pasir Puteh selain 3,000 pokok di Terengganu.
“Banyak kelebihan pokok jarak pagar ini. Ianya mampu hidup selama 25 tahun, penjagaannya mudah, boleh ditanam di kawasan kurang subur seperti kawasan lombong dan batu kapur, dan berbuah sepanjang tahun tanpa ada musim dan bersesuaian dengan cuaca panas dan kawasan kurang air.
Ketinggian pokok itu hanya tiga meter. Ianya memerlukan tujuh bulan untuk pokok menjadi matang serta menghasilkan buah, yang bijinya diproses sebagai bahan api.
Farini berkata, bahawa bilangan pokok itu akan ditambah menjadi 20,000 tahun depan dan 100,000 menjelang 2010.
Beliau berkata, satu hektar tanah boleh ditanam 2,500 pokok manakala setiap sekilogram biji jarak pagar boleh menghasilkan 330 mililiter minyak sebagai bahan api.
Selain bahan bakar, biji jarak pagar juga boleh digunakan sebagai minyak pelincir untuk kenderaan.
“Jika kita benar-benar komersialkan tanaman pokok ini, ianya mungkin menjadi satu alternatif bahan api dan petrol untuk kenderaan, dan membantu kerajaan mengurangkan tanggungan subsidi minyak,” kata Farini.


Rujukan: http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/content.asp?y=2007&

Pengaruh Syarikat Besar Dlm Monopoli Sesuatu Produk

Catatan di bawah bagaimana syarikat Microsoft Corp cuba mematikan perkembangan pengaruh operating system bukan Windows seperti Linux dari menguasai pasaran konsumer biasa. Menggunakan wang dan kuasa dalam mematikan persaingan sihat.

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ASUS: We'll Sell 3.8 Million Eees in 2008, Some with Windows

Microsoft and Intel are in talks with ASUS about a stripped down version of the Eee PC

As if users needed another reason to endorse the ASUS Eee PC, it looks like Intel and Microsoft may both embrace the project with open arms.

One ASUS employee close to the project, speaking on terms of anonymity added, "Originally, we used Linux to save on the cost. However, after the launch, Microsoft contacted us to offer Windows XP with discount licensing."

The employee was able to confirm the Windows license will be a stripped-down version of Windows XP, specifically designed for emerging markets. This Microsoft-ready Eee PC will carry a premium somewhere between $30 and $60 over the base cost of the system.

The company already supports "unofficial" installs of Windows XP on existing Eee PCs.

ASUS is not shy with its ambitions for Eee PC in 2008. In a memo circulated to Eee PC team members at ASUS Headquarters, project leaders boldly declared the company plans to ship 3.8 million Eees for its next fiscal year. By contrast, the OLPC project has committed to 425,000 notebooks for all of 2007.

The company has not revealed its sales numbers for 2007 yet. However, things must be looking pretty good at ASUS as the project has also garnered much attention from Intel.

Intel, which announced its Classmate PC reference design in 2006, internally proclaims the ASUS Eee PC the greatest success of the Classmate project. The Eee, which is quickly becoming the darkhorse of the affordable sub-notebook market, uses Intel processors; MIT's OLPC project uses AMD Geode processors.

Rujukan:http://www.dailytech.com/ASUS+Well+Sell+38+Million+Eees+in+2008+Some+with+Windows/article9887.htm

European GPS Rival Gets Go-Ahead

Pemerintah-pemerintah di negara Eropah sekarang sedang keluar dari kepompong cengkaman Amerika Syarikat. Banyakkan jika negara-negara Eropah tidak setuju dengan arahan A.S, apa akan terjadi jika sistem GPS ditutup oleh A.S... banyak masalah yang akan timbul.

Oleh disebabkan itu mereka sedaya-upaya mengeluarkan teknologi dan pembuatan satelit sendiri bagi mengelak pengantungan keterlaluan dengan A.S.

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European GPS Rival Gets Go-Ahead

The European initiative to build a system of satellites rivaling the U.S. GPS system, dubbed 'Galileo,' is finally moving forward.

Tom Jowitt, Techworld

Tuesday, December 04, 2007 08:30 AM PST

The European initiative to build a system of satellites to rival the U.S. GPS system, has finally been given the go-ahead.
Last Friday, European nations involved in the project agreed to build a ¬3.4 billion (US$4.9 billion) satellite navigation system, which the E.U. hopes will allow it to achieve "strategic independence" from the United States.
For the past several years, the troubled Galileo project has been attempting to build a 30-satellite system. However the consortium of European companies in charge of the project, have been squabbling over the ¬2.4 billion construction costs to which they were suppose to commit.
Political infighting and doubts about the project's financial viability threatened to derail the project, and it has taken the last minute invention of European finance ministers, who have decided to commit ¬2.4billion out of public funds (mostly from the coffers of the massive E.U. agriculture budget).
The network of 30 satellites will be controlled by two ground control stations in Germany and Italy. A third, largely superfluous control station will be built in Spain, by the Spanish tax payer, after the Spanish government's attempt to win last minute concessions was overruled in the final agreement.
Europe has been keen to pursue the Galileo project, and remove its dependence upon the GPS system, which is controlled by the U.S. military. GPS signals are carried on a U.S. military network of 24 satellites, but the fear is that they can be turned off in the event of war, although the U.S. denies this.
Galileo is hoped to be up and running by 2013 (currently only one non operational satellite is in orbit).
Galileo hopes to differentiate itself from GPS by offering a more accurate (down to one meter) signal. Users will also not be subject to the risk of the signal being shut down, and Galileo hopes to offer a guaranteed service to users equipped with Galileo-compatible receivers.
This will allow Galileo to offer for example, navigation and search and rescue services on a global basis. Galileo satellites will be able to pick up signals from emergency beacons carried on ships, planes or persons and ultimately send these back to national rescue centers. The idea is that at least one Galileo satellite will be in view of any point on Earth, so near real-time distress alert is possible. In some cases, feedback could be sent back to a beacon, something which is only made possible by Galileo.
It is envisaged that Galileo will offer four levels of service. The Open Service (OS) will be free of user charge, and will provide position and timing performance "competitive with other GNSS systems." The second offering is a Safety-of-Life Service (SoL) signal, which improves the open service performance through the provision of timely warnings to the user when it fails to meet certain margins of accuracy (integrity). It is envisaged that a service guarantee will be provided for this service.
The third service is a Commercial Service (CS) that provides access to two additional signals, to allow for a higher data throughput rate and to enable users to improve accuracy. The signals are encrypted. It is envisaged that a service guarantee will also be provided for this service.
Finally, the Public Regulated Service (PRS) provides position and timing to specific users requiring a high continuity of service, with controlled access. Two PRS navigation signals with encrypted ranging codes and data will be available.
Galileo will not be alone however, with a number of rivals. The well-established U.S. GPS system, used in nearly all satellite navigation systems, is currently being upgraded, China is building its own network, and the Russian Glonass system, which has a fairly limited geographical range, is being improved.

FAKTA KENTUT

Ini bukan lawak. Ini kenyataan!

S: Dari mana datangnya gas kentut?

J: Gas ini datangnya dari beberapa punca: udara
yang dihirup, udara yang meresap ke perut dari
darah, gas yang terhasil dari reaksi kimia dalam
perut dan gas yang dihasilkan oleh bakteria yang
tinggal dalam perut.


S: Apakah yang membuatkan kentut busuk?

J: Bau kentut yang terdiri dari sejumlah campuran
gas hidrogen sulfida dan mercaptan. Lebih banyak
pengambilan diet yang terdiri daripada sulfur, lebih
banyak sulfida dan mercaptans akan dihasilkan
oleh bakteria dalam perut dan lebih busuk bau
kentut. Contoh: telur rebus. Kekacang akan
menghasilkan kentut kurang busuk tetapi dalam
jumlah yang besar.

S: Kenapa kentut menghasilkan bunyi?

J: Bunyi terhasil disebabkan getaran di pembukaan
dubur. Kekuatan bunyi bergantung kepada
kelajuan pelepasan gas dan keketatan otot di
dubur. Bunyi kentut bukan terjadi disebabkan
penggeleparan (flapping) pepipi punggung. Ini
adalah suatu kesilapan.


S: Kenapa kentut yang busuk selalunya lebih
panas dan senyap daripada kentut biasa?

J: Kebanyakkan kentut ialah dari hirupan udara
yang terdiri dari nitrogen dan karbon dioksida. Oksigen
pula diserap sebelum mencapai pembukaan dubur.
Gas ini tidak berbau walaupun melalui bahagian
yang kotor didalam perjalanannya ke pembukaan
dubur. Ianya keluar dalam bentuk seperti bebola
(bubbles) yang besar dalam suhu tubuh.
Seseorang boleh mencapai bunyi yang baik
(pitching tak lari) dengan cara ini. Suatu lagi ialah
kentut yang dihasilkan oleh tindakan bakteria.
Pembiakan dan proses penghadaman oleh
bakteria menghasilkan haba dan pelbagai jenis
gas tak enak. Bebola gas yang dihasilkan lebih
kecil, panas dan mempunyai kandungan hasil
proses tadi yang busuk yang lebih tinggi. Inilah
yang dinamakan kentut yang nakal, panas, Silent-
But-Deadly, jumlah yang terlalu kecil untuk
menghasilkan bunyi tetapi mempunyai bau yang
hebat.


S: Berapa kali seseorang itu kentut sehari?

J: Secara puratanya, seseorang boleh
menghasilkan setengah liter gas kentut sehari yang dibahagikan
kepada lebih kurang empat belas kentut sehari.
Walaupun agak sukar untuk menyukat isipadu
kentut yang dihasilkan, mengira bilangan kentut
dalam sehari adalah lebih mudah.

S: Berapa lama tempoh yang diambil untuk kentut
kita dihidu oleh orang lain?


J: Kentut tersebar bergantung kepada faktor
atmosfera seperti kelembapan, suhu, kelajuan
angin dan arahnya, berat molekul kentut itu dan
jarak antara pengeluar dan penerima. Jika tidak
dikesan dalam tempoh beberapa saat, ianya akan
hilang ke persekitaran. Namun ianya terkecuali
jika perlepasan dilakukan dalam ruang yang kecil
dan tertutup seperti di dalam lif, kereta atau bilik
yang kecil. Tempat-tempat ini menghalang
penyerapan ke persekitaran dan akan kekal
berbau untuk tempoh yang agak lama sehingga
diserap oleh dinding-dinding. Kenapa ada sela
masa 13-20 saat antara pelepasan dan
pengesanan bau oleh hidung? Sebenarnya kentut
berbau semenjak ianya keluar lagi, tetapi
mengambil masa beberapa ketika untuk dihidu
oleh pengentut itu sendiri. Jika kentut boleh
bergerak dengan kelajuan bunyi, maka kita boleh
bau pada masa yang sama kita kentut.


S: Adakah benar sesetengah orang tak pernah
kentut?

J: Tidak benar selagi mereka hidup. Manusia juga
kentut sejurus selepas mati.